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Using the APA format provides a consistency for readers that allows them focus on the content being presented, rather than being distracted by the formatting, inconsistent use of punctuation, or presentation of statistics. It allows readers to find key ideas and points quickly and provides an easier reference for sources. And for writers, the APA Style provides guidance on all aspects of scientific writing, references, and textbook citation so that they can focus entirely on presentation of their ideas.
The APA Style is most often used for texts that are intended for publication in scholarly journals or student papers in college and post-graduate programs. While the format is intended to provide guidelines for consistency and as a result does not change too often, the APA will update the format to adjust for new forms of publication (for example, for e-books, which is a relatively new type of publication method) and most recently updated the APA Style to adjust for more inclusive and bias-free language.
An APA-formatted paper must include not only in-text citations in the body of the work; it must also contain a reference page at the end that lists all citations, including books, textbooks, or other sources that were used as a source.
Think of a citation as being similar to a formula you might use in math. Once you have all of the information you need to describe your source, such as the date of publication, authors, editors, etc., you simply plug the information into the correct formula for a textbook, and you have the perfect APA citation.
Textbook citations for APA Style only differ slightly from the book citations mentioned above. A textbook may have multiple authors, or no author at all, and citing it requires adding the edition if there have been multiple editions. As with the regular book citation, a textbook citation does not follow typical title case for capitalization; only the first word in the title and subtitle, along with proper nouns, are capitalized.
A textbook with no author will cite the editor or editors in place of the author, using the same last name, first initial, and middle initial format. In this case it must be noted that this is the editor and not an author with the use of (Ed.) for one editor or (Eds.) for multiple editors. An example:
The format for citing e-books in APA Style is the same as books and textbooks noted above, with one small addition. Electronic works will typically include a DOI (digital object identifier), which is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to every article, book, or other publication. The DOI allows readers to find the source online. The DOI may or may not be a URL, but if there is a URL, that should be included. In some cases, there may not be a URL, or at least a functional one, since objects on the internet often move and URLs can become dead links. In that case, a DOI may simply be the alphanumeric code preceded by
As noted in the section on textbook citation, books with multiple editions must include the specific edition that is being referenced. If a work has multiple volumes, that must also be noted. An example of this would be:
For online textbooks or e-book citations, the same format of the author's last name and publication date should be used. If there is no author the organization or publisher's name is used instead. Example:
Citing a book in APA Style is not complicated. It should be noted that there is a unique detail when formatting the title in a citation, as APA does not follow title case for capitalization. Only the first word in the title and subtitle, as well as proper nouns, are capitalized in APA Style. The simplest form of in-text textbook citation requires citing the last name of an author and the year of the reference work's publication, but for the reference page at the end of a work the title, edition, volume, and publisher must all be noted. When there is no author for a source, the editor is listed instead and this is indicated in the citation with the addition of (Ed.) or (Eds.) placed after the editor's last name and first initial. When a text has two authors and needs to be cited in text, the last names of both authors, followed by a comma and the publication year, are used; for example: (Mack & Brady, 2016). While there are multiple variations for citing works, many of which have been covered in this lesson, at its simplest, the APA format citation of a book or textbook can be summarized as the following:
There are a few important things to observe about APA formatting. The first is that the author's last name always comes first. Rather than following this up with a first name, initials for the first and middle name are used instead. Secondly, the title of the textbook will be italicized, yet it will only use capital letters for the first word of the title and the word directly following the colon if there is a subtitle included. Finally, proper nouns such as 'Seven Wonders' are always capitalized.
New editions of textbooks are often published, marking changes in the publication over time. If your textbook is not the first edition, you need to be certain to cite the correct edition you are referencing, since information varies from one edition to the next.
One final consideration for citing a textbook is to follow the format for citing only a piece of the text, or in other words, a chapter. If you only use information from one chapter of the book, go ahead and cite specifically by following this model:
Even though you have already listed the textbook citation on your reference page, you're also going to need to use in-text citations for the information you put in your paper. The format for a direct quote includes the author, the year the text was published, and the page number where you found your information:
When no author is listed for a textbook, substitute the title for the author by either writing it out in your sentence in title case, capitalizing all major words, or using the first couple of words in your parentheses at the end of your sentence. Be sure to italicize the title either way.
Things can get a little tricky depending on just how many authors there are for your textbook, but just remember to plug your information into the basic formula. In-text citations for two authors could follow either of the following formats, depending on where you place the information. The first shows how to incorporate the citation in your sentence while the second shows how to place it at the end of the sentence before the period.
Let's take a few moments to review what we've learned about citing textbooks in the APA format. APA format requires you to gather information from the front of your textbook, such as the authors, editors, and date of publication, so that you can create a citation that follows a specific formula. Each citation you create will go on your reference page, which is the last page of your paper where you'll compile a list of all the resources you used to help you to write your paper. There are many rules and variations for how to properly format a citation, but the basic gist is as follows:
By identifying the information you have, such as no author and two editors, you can choose the correct format that applies. You must also cite your textbook and other resources when you're writing the main body of the paper by using in-text citations. These follow a specific format as well. Using the samples we looked at in this lesson, you should be well on your way to properly citing a textbook. 2ff7e9595c
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